PHC Global Alerts
Employers can support at-risk employees in obtaining mpox vaccinations by providing flexible work schedules. Information on the availability of mpox vaccines and treatment can also be included in employee wellness communication. The United Arab Emirates (UAE) reported its 1st case of the deadlier clade 1b mpox in an individual who had traveled to Uganda. 7 clade 1b mpox cases ...read morewere previously reported in other countries linked to travel from the UAE, indicating that undetected mpox cases are likely transmitting disease within the country. [Confidence: Very High]
Informational update only. Update to Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreak in Tanzania (see PHC alert 2/5 for earlier info): all 281 identified close contacts completed the 21-da...read morey follow-up and none developed symptoms. The outbreak has involved 10 cases (2 confirmed, 8 probable), all of which have died. [Confidence: Very High]
No human-to-human spread of H5N1 has been identified. Businesses should follow the recommendations provided in the PHC analysis on January 10, including lowering barriers to seasonal flu vaccines for their employees. The CDC is offering free seasonal influenza vaccines to farmworkers in high-risk states. Arizona detected H5N1 in dairy cattle for the 1st time, with identification found through the bulk tank milk testing program. The strain involved was ...read morethe D1.1 genotype and was unrelated to the recent Nevada detection of D1.1 (see PHC alerts 2/10 and 2/4). The affected dairy herd resides in Maricopa County. The cattle are asymptomatic and are being quarantined. [Confidence: Very High]
This rapidly growing measles outbreak in Texas warrants greater attention from enterprise businesses. Businesses in Texas should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. Gaines County, Texas's measles outbreak is escalating rapidly: 18 new cases were identified in the past 3 days, totaling 42 cases in the County in the...read more past 3 weeks. New measles cases have now also been identified in Yoakum (4), Terry (3), and Lynn (1) counties, totaling 48 cases in the state this year, 13 of which were hospitalized. All of the cases were unvaccinated. See PHC alerts 2/11, 2/10, 2/6, and 1/17 for earlier info about measles in Gaines County. [Confidence: Very High]
This rapidly growing measles outbreak in Norfolk County, Ontario warrants greater attention from enterprise businesses. Businesses in the Grand Erie region of Ontario, Canada should inform employees about the possible measles exposures and provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. Update to measles outbreak in Ontario, Canada: 11 new cases were identified in Norfolk County, totaling 48 cases since Jan 10. Cases visited LaSalette...read more Old Colony School on Feb 5, Glen Meyer Old Colony School Feb 5-6, and Tim Hortons Feb 10-12. [Confidence: Very High]
The primary business impact of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in commercial flocks is through increased cost of eggs or poultry products when outbreaks become more widespread. Businesses that are sensitive to egg and poultry prices should contingency plan for price volatility. Victoria, Australia reported an outbreak of H7N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza in a commercial layer flock in Euroa within northern Victoria. The ...read morenewly detected H7N8 strain is different from the H7N8 strains that caused 2 H7N8-related HPAI outbreaks in Australia in 2024: one in Victoria and another in New South Wales/Australian Capital Territory (see PHC alert 6/24/24). [Confidence: Very High]
Employers can support at-risk employees in obtaining mpox vaccinations by providing flexible work schedules. Information on the availability of mpox vaccines and treatment can also be included in employee wellness communication. New York reported the state's 1st case of the deadlier clade 1b mpox in an individual who recently traveled to Africa. The case's county of residence ...read morewas not identified, but health officials confirmed the case does not live in New York City. [Confidence: Very High]
Additional human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in poultry workers are expected. This case does not change PHC's recommendations for enterprise businesses, but additional human HPAI cases are a concerning development because it increases the risk of virus mutation. No human-to-human spread of avian flu has been detected. PHC recommends that business continuity plans be reviewed and updated in preparation for high consequence infectious disease threats. Ohio reported the state's 1st probable human case of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza in a poultry worker who had exposure to sick birds. No infor...read moremation was provided on the exact strain involved nor the severity of the case's illness. Many Ohio poultry farms have had avian influenza outbreaks this year, with over 4.1 million birds culled (see PHC alert 1/28 for details). [Confidence: Very High]
The primary business impact of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in commercial flocks is through increased cost of eggs or poultry products when outbreaks become more widespread. Businesses that are sensitive to egg and poultry prices should contingency plan for price volatility. The USDA egg market overview showed continuing price increases and supply shortages due to avian influenza outbreaks. This week, prices for graded whi...read morete shell eggs increased $0.64 to $7.34 per dozen (an increase of more than $2 in the past few weeks). Media sources reported that multiple retailers, including Trader Joe’s, Costco, Whole Foods, Kroger and Aldi are limiting egg purchases and increasing prices due to the ongoing shortages. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses that used catering or event services that distributed affected oysters may wish to notify employees of this exposure. Businesses and individuals should dispose of any affected products. Update to recalled oysters harvested from Area 3 in Louisiana due to norovirus contamination: 191 confirmed cases in Florida, Mississippi, and Alabama...read more, including 2 hospitalizations and 8 emergency department visits have now been linked to this recall. The harvesting area remains closed. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in Lea County, New Mexico should inform employees about the possible measles exposures and provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. New Mexico is investigating its 1st measles case this year in a Lea County adolescent resident who has not traveled and does not have a known exposure...read more to recent measles cases in adjacent Gaines County, Texas (see PHC alerts 2/11 and 2/10 about the measles outbreak in TX). The NM case visited the Sixth Grade Academy gymnasium on Feb 6 and Nor-Lea Hospital Emergency Department on Feb 9. [Confidence: Very High]
The continued measles outbreaks in Vietnam warrant greater attention from enterprise businesses, especially given vaccine shortages identified in some provinces. Businesses in Vietnam should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. People traveling to Vietnam should check their measles vaccination status. Ho Chi Minh reported 361 new measles cases in the past week, totaling 6,430 cases and 4 deaths since the outbreak started last year. See PHC alerts 2/5 and 1/29 for earlier info. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses that offer or distribute affected canned tuna as part of their employee food services may wish to notify employees of this exposure. Businesses and individuals should dispose of any affected products. The FDA issued a recall of select Tri-Union Seafoods' canned tuna distributed through Genova, Van Camp’s, HEB and Trader Joe’s in multiple states....read more The tuna cans may be contaminated with botulism due to a manufacturing defect in the pull tab can lid. No cases have been identified in this event. See FDA alert for specific affected tuna products. [Confidence: Very High]
Detection of H5N1 genotype D1.1 avian flu in a dairy worker does not change PHC's recommendations for enterprise business, but it is a concerning development because this genotype has previously caused severe illness and death in people. No human-to-human spread of avian flu has been detected. PHC recommends that business continuity plans be reviewed and updated in preparation for high consequence infectious disease threats. Media sources reported that the CDC confirmed avian influenza H5N1 D1.1 genotype in a Nevada dairy worker (see PHC alert 2/10 for earlier info). This ...read moregenotype has been associated with more severe disease in humans, though this case had mild disease consisting only of conjunctavitis. [Confidence: Very High]
Actions taken by public health in Ontario reflect the elevated risk level in the community. Exclusion of unvaccinated students until their immunization record is up-to-date should have limited impact on enterprise businesses, but serves as a reminder that outbreaks can disrupt school schedules and lead to worker absenteeism for caregiving due to child illness or suspension for missing immunization data. Businesses should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Grand Erie Public Health issued suspension orders that will take effect on March 25, 2025 for students whose school immunization record are not up-to-...read moredate to reflect measles vaccination or an approved vaccination waiver. Public health officials are exercising their rarely used authority to suspend unvaccinated students due to the current large measles outbreak in the province (see PHC alert 2/11 for info about the outbreak). These suspension orders apply to elementary and secondary school students in the Brantford-Brant-Haldimand-Norfolk areas. [Confidence: Very High]
Actions taken by public health in Ontario reflect the elevated risk level in the community. Exclusion of unvaccinated students until their immunization record is up-to-date should have limited impact on enterprise businesses, but serves as a reminder that outbreaks can disrupt school schedules and lead to worker absenteeism for caregiving due to child illness or suspension for missing immunization data. Businesses should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Ottawa Public Health issued suspension orders to students whose school immunization records were not up-to-date to reflect measles vaccination or an a...read morepproved vaccination waiver. Public health officials are exercising their rarely used authority to suspend unvaccinated students due to the current large measles outbreak in the province (see PHC alert 2/11 for info about the outbreak). [Confidence: Very High]
This rapidly growing measles outbreak in Texas warrants greater attention from enterprise businesses. Businesses in Texas should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment Gaines County, Texas's measles outbreak is escalating rapidly: 24 cases have now been identified in the past 2 weeks, 9 of which were hospitalized. No...read morene of the cases were vaccinated. See PHC alerts 2/10, 2/6 and 1/17 for earlier info about measles in Gaines County. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in Jeju Island should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. Jeju Island reported a measles case in a visitor who recently traveled to Vietnam, the island's 1st measles case since 2019. An epidemiologic investig...read moreation is in process. Health officials urged vaccination before residents travel internationally. [Confidence: Very High]
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is expected to have an impact on employee absenteeism for illness or caregiving duties. Businesses should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. NHS issued an alert urging eligible individuals to receive the RSV vaccine, and reminded residents that RSV can occur all year round. NHS began offeri...read moreng RSV vaccine for the 1st time on Sept 1, 2024. RSV can cause severe illness or death in infants. Vaccinating pregnant women reduces the risk of infection to children too young to be vaccinated. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in Lismore, New South Wales should inform employees about the possible measles exposure and provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. New South Wales reported a measles case in an individual with recent international travel. The case visited Lismore Square Shopping Centre between 11a...read morem - 1pm on Feb 2 and the Lismore Base Hospital Emergency Department between 6:15pm Feb 6 - 2:20am on Feb 7. [Confidence: Very High]
The growing measles outbreaks in Vietnam warrant greater attention from enterprise businesses. While Ho Chi Minh City has the largest outbreak, Hanoi’s cases continue and have been rising rapidly for the past few weeks. Businesses in Vietnam should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. People traveling to Hanoi should check their measles vaccination status. The Vietnam CDC's plan to vaccinate children aged 6 - 9 months (see PHC alert 1/2 for info) will occur next week: Feb 17 - 28. The MOH approved the po...read morelicy to temporarily shift the age of children provided free measles due to the measles outbreak in the province. [Confidence: Very High]
The continued measles outbreaks in Vietnam warrant greater attention from enterprise businesses, especially given vaccine shortages identified in some provinces. Businesses in Vietnam should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. People traveling to Vietnam should check their measles vaccination status. Update to Vietnam's catch-up immunization program started in the fall due to the very high measles cases across the country in 2024 (45,554 suspected ...read moreand 7,583 confirmed cases and 16 deaths): Currently, 7 of Vietnam's 31 provinces and cities completed phase 1 of the vaccination campaign, with another 24 provinces and cities getting ready to begin phase 1. The program first targeted provinces with outbreaks, but will be rolled out more widely this year. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses that used catering or event services that distributed affected tahini may wish to notify employees of this exposure. Businesses and individuals should dispose of any affected products. 858 cases of Aleppo Tahini Sesame Paste, produced by Turkana Food Inc in Kenilworth, New Jersey was recalled due to possible salmonella contamination....read more The affected product is LOT# 120824-01, consisting of a 16oz plastic jar with an expiration date of Aug, 2026. It was distributed to FL, KY, VA, NY, NJ, TN, MA, TX, Il, IN, MI, RI, PA, NC, MD, VA, OH, AL, MO, and CA. [Confidence: Very High]
Detection of H5N1 genotype D1.1 avian flu in a dairy worker does not change PHC's recommendations for enterprise business, but it is a concerning development because this genotype has previously caused severe illness and death in people. No human-to-human spread of avian flu has been detected. PHC recommends that business continuity plans be reviewed and updated in preparation for high consequence infectious disease threats. Nevada reported a human case of H5N1 in a Churchill County dairy farm worker, the state's 1st human avian flu case. The dairy worker had mild symptoms...read more, including conjunctivitis. Health officials did not note a genotype for the case, but the H5N1 D1.1 genotype was recently detected in Churchill County cattle (see PHC alert 2/10). This genotype has been associated with more severe disease in humans. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in Georgia should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. Atlanta, George health officials reported 2 new measles cases, consisting of family members of a prior case (see PHC alert 1/28). All 3 cases were unvaccinated. Additional close contacts are being monitored. [Confidence: Very High]
Influenza season is well underway in the US and this season is worse than usual. Flu is expected to have an impact on employee absenteeism for illness or caregiving duties. Businesses in the US should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. The US's very high influenza activity continues, with all indicators increasing during the past week: influenza-like illness (ILI), cases, percentage ...read moreof tests returning positive, and ED-associated visits. An estimated 24 million cases and 13,000 deaths were identified so far this season. More broadly, ILI cases were higher this season than during the last 28 years. [Confidence: Very High]
PHC's recommendations for businesses have not changed. No human-to-human spread of avian flu has been detected. Businesses in Nevada should remind employees (especially landscaping and facilities workers) to avoid direct contact with wild birds and animals. Employees should wear disposable gloves and a mask and double bag if disposal is required. Businesses should follow the recommendations provided in the PHC analysis on January 10, including lowering barriers to seasonal flu vaccines for their employees. Update to avian influenza detected in Nevada dairy cattle (See PHC alert 2/4 for earlier info): genetic sequencing determined the involved strain was ...read moreH5N1 genotype D1.1 (all previous cattle infections were genotype B3.13). The H5N1 D1.1 strain is circulating in migratory wild birds and associated with more severe disease in humans. The Nevada cattle's D1.1 strain contains a genetic change that may help the virus copy itself more easily in mammals, including humans; the B3.13 genotype does not have this change. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses with frequent travel to Saudi Arabia should ensure employees are aware the new vaccine requirement has been suspended. The requirement will likely be reinstated in the future. Businesses should provide flexible work schedules to allow for employee vaccination if the employee was not already vaccinated. When Saudi Arabia announced a meningococcal vaccine requirement, (see PHC alert 1/31 and 1/13), some people with travel plans could not access those v...read moreaccines due to in-country shortages. The General Auhority on Civil Aviation has informed travelers that the requirement is suspended. See source link for image of the statement. Saudi Arabia is likely to enforce the requirement once vaccine availability issues are addressed. [Confidence: Very High]
Dengue is endemic in over 100 countries across tropical and subtropical urban and semi-urban areas, including Puerto Rico, the US Virgin Islands, and American Samoa. Businesses should reduce mosquito habitats by eliminating sources of standing water and applying insecticides to outdoor water storage containers. Employees can reduce infection risk by wearing clothing covering skin, using mosquito repellants, and emptying standing water. The Virgin Islands Department of Health reported increasing dengue cases, with 15 dengue cases in 2025, all located on St. Croix. The health departmen...read moret has mobilized teams to inspect schools, apply larvicides, and educate about mosquito control. [Confidence: Very High]
The growing measles outbreaks in Vietnam warrant greater attention from enterprise businesses, especially given the multiple outbreak-related deaths and vaccine shortages identified in some provinces. Businesses in Vietnam should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. People traveling to Vietnam should check their measles vaccination status. Quang Nam's Director of Public Health issued an alert regarding rising measles cases in the province. As of Feb 6, 44 cases were currently hospitalize...read mored. An additional 43 suspected measles cases and 3 deaths occurred the week of Jan 31 - Feb 2 (see PHC alert 2/5). A Mobile Rapid Response Team was deployed. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in Louisiana that used catering or event services that distributed affected oysters may wish to notify employees of this exposure. Businesses and individuals should dispose of any affected products. The Louisiana Department of Health identified 18 norovirus cases linked to consumption of oysters harvested from Area 3 since early Jan. The harvestin...read moreg area was closed, and all affected oysters are being recalled, including shucked, frozen, breaded, processed, and raw oysters for the half-shell market harvested since Jan 10. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in Victoria, Australia should inform employees about the possible measles exposure and provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. A new measles case was reported in Victoria, bringing the total number of cases linked to travel in Vietnam since December 2024 to 8. Exposure sites i...read morenclude VietJet Air flight VJC81/VJ81 from Ho Chi Minh City to Melbourne, at Melbourne Airport, and at Sunshine Hospital and The Royal Children's Hospital. Growing outbreaks continue to be reported internationally, including in Vietnam and Thailand, which have seeded outbreaks in other countries. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in the Grand Erie region of Ontario, Canada area should inform employees about the possible measles exposure and provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. Update to measles outbreak in Ontario, Canada: a new case was identified, totaling 22 in the Grand Erie region since Jan 10. See PHC alerts 2/4, 2/3, ...read more1/31, and 1/30 for earlier info. The case visited Teeterville Public School, Jan 29-31, Harvey’s/Swiss Chalet Jan 29, Bethel Baptist Church Master Clubs Jan 29, Key Bible Club Jan 30, Crossroads Congregational Church Boys Club Jan 30, and Norfolk General Hospital Feb 2. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses should notify employees traveling to Uganda that public health measures will likely evolve. PHC recommends reviewing and updating business continuity plans to prepare for high-consequence infectious disease threats. PHC will monitor the event and provide updates as needed. The CDC elevated the travel advisory level for Uganda from to 2: Practice Enhanced Precautions due to the Ebola outbreak. Level 2 travel precautions i...read morenclude avoiding sick individuals, healthcare facilities in the affected area, and contact with blood or body fluids. Travelers to affected areas should also monitor themselves for symptoms and seek medical care if symptoms arise. See PHC alerts 2/6 and 2/5 for more info about the Ebola outbreak. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses should notify employees traveling to Uganda that public health measures are likely to evolve. PHC recommends reviewing and updating business continuity plans to prepare for high-consequence infectious disease threats. PHC will monitor the event and provide updates as needed. Uganda reported a total of 7 confirmed cases: the initial case who died and 6 contacts. They are monitoring 298 contacts, with potential exposure prim...read morearily in family of the cases or at healthcare facilities visited by the initial case. This information was released at the WHO EPI-WIN Webinar: Sudan virus disease outbreak: what we know on February 6th and the video has since been removed from the internet. [Confidence: Very High]
Yellow fever is unusual in Tolima, Colombia due to the high elevation. Businesses operating or holding gatherings in the area may find the linked detailed report useful for planning. Tolima, Columbia reported unusually high yellow fever activity over the past several months, with 12 confirmed cases by the end of 2024. The Americas ...read morehave seen an increase in cases and impacted regions recently (see PHC alert 2/5). Climate change and the La Nina weather pattern increase the risk of additional cases in Tolima. [Confidence: Very High]
Detection of the D1.1 genotype of H5N1 avian influenza in dairy cows does not change PHC's recommendations for enterprise business, but it is a concerning development because this genotype has previously caused severe illness and death in people. PHC recommends that business continuity plans be reviewed and updated in preparation for high consequence infectious disease threats. APHIS reported detection of the H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b genotype D1.1 in dairy cattle in Nevada, the 1st time the D1.1 strain has been identified in cattl...read moree. All previous dairy herd H5N1 detections were H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b genotype B3.13, believed to have spilled over from wild birds in 2023 or 2024. The D1.1 genotype has been circulating in wild birds and is associated with severe infections in humans, including the death of a Louisiana resident who had contact with a sick backyard flock and the severe illness in a child in British Columbia. [Confidence: Very High]
Respiratory virus season is well underway in Illinois. Influenza and other respiratory diseases are expected to have an impact on employee absenteeism for illness or caregiving duties. Businesses in Illinois should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Illinois health officials urged the public to be "vigilant" amid a rise in respiratory illness levels from Moderate to High, primarily driven by incre...read moreased influenza activity. 20% of recent emergency department visits were for acute respiratory illness, with 7.8% attributed to flu, compared to 1.6% for COVID-19 and 0.7% for RSV. Flu-related hospital admissions are 3 times higher than COVID-19, with 4.6% of admissions linked to flu. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses should notify employees traveling to Uganda that public health measures are likely to evolve. PHC recommends that business continuity plans be reviewed and updated in preparation for high consequence infectious disease threats. PHC will monitor the event and provide updates as needed. Uganda's Ministry of Health increased the total number of confirmed Ebola cases to 4. To date, 1 case has died (the index patient). This marks the 8th...read more recorded Ebola outbreak in Uganda. The September 2022 Ebola outbreak in Uganda ended after infecting 142 individuals and killing 55 people. [Confidence: Very High]
Taiwan's severe influenza season is expected to continue impacting employee absenteeism for illness or caregiving duties. Businesses in Taiwan should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Taiwan is experiencing a significant influenza outbreak, with influenza A/H1N1 as the dominant strain and an increasing trend of influenza-like illnes...read mores (ILI) visits reaching a 10-year high. During the 2024-2025 influenza season, 525 severe complications have been reported, including 107 fatalities, with epidemic transmission likely higher during the recent Lunar New Year holiday. [Confidence: Very High]
The continuing large measles outbreak in Vietnam warrants greater attention from enterprise businesses. Businesses in Vietnam should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. People traveling to Vietnam should check their measles vaccination status. Dong Nai reported 529 new measles cases the week of Lunar New Year (Jan 26 - Feb 2), totaling over 3,100 cases and 4 deaths since the outbreak started in mid-2024. See PHC alerts 1/23 and 12/20 for earlier info. [Confidence: Very High]
These 3 measles-related deaths serve as a reminder that measles can be a severe disease. The growing measles outbreaks in Vietnam warrant greater attention from enterprise businesses, especially given vaccine shortages identified in some provinces. Businesses in Vietnam should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. People traveling to Vietnam should check their measles vaccination status. Quang Nam, Vietnam reported 43 suspected measles cases and 3 deaths the week of Jan 31 - Feb 2 during the Lunar New Year holiday. The cases and deaths...read more were identified in Tra Leng commune, Nam Tra My district, within Quang Nam province. [Confidence: Very High]
As PHC warned, the primary business impact of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in commercial flocks is increased cost of eggs or poultry products when outbreaks become more widespread. Businesses that are sensitive to egg and poultry prices should contingency plan for price volatility. Waffle House announced a temporary surcharge of 50 cents per egg due to the rising cost of eggs tied to avian influenza outbreaks. Waffle House uses 2...read more72 million eggs per year. The surcharge will be periodically reevaluated and updated or removed as needed. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in the Grand Erie region of Ontario, Canada area should inform employees about the possible measles exposure and provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. Update to measles outbreak in Ontario, Canada: 2 new cases were identified, totaling 21 in the Grand Erie region since Jan 10. See PHC alerts 2/3, 1/3...read more1, and 1/30 for earlier info. The cases visited Roulston’s Pharmacy on Jan 28, Shoppers Drug Mart on Jan 30, and the Best Western Hotel and Magna Centre Arena on Jan 31. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses may receive questions from employees about this case given the wide media coverage associated with a flu-related death in a celebrity. Influenza-related deaths occur every year, often among high-risk individuals, including younger individuals who have underlying health conditions. Taiwanese actress, Barbie Hsu, also known as "Big S", died from influenza-related complications during a recent trip to Japan to celebrate the Lunar N...read moreew Year holiday. She was 48 years old and had underlying health conditions. Some media sources reported a surge in vaccine interest among the public following news of this death. [Confidence: Very High]
Yellow fever season in Brazil is Dec to May. Businesses in Brazil should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Employees traveling to areas of Brazil where yellow fever is a risk should consult with their healthcare provider at least 10 days before traveling about yellow fever vaccine. Employees can prevent mosquito bites by wearing protective clothing and using insect repellent. Brazil's Ministry of Health issued an alert regarding increased risk of yellow fever this spring and recommended that travelers visiting high-risk are...read moreas be vaccinated. Last season, cases were identified in Sao Paulo (27), Minas Gerais (3), Tocantins (2), and Roraima (1). Yellow fever is a mosquito-borne disease that can be severe. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses should notify employees traveling to Uganda that public health measures are likely to evolve. PHC will monitor the event and provide updates as needed. Uganda's Ministry of Health reported 2 new confirmed Ebola cases; both were family members of the original case (see PHC alerts 2/3 and 1/30 for earli...read moreer info). 3 confirmed cases were now identified. See PHC alert 2/4 about Ebola vaccine implemented to respond to this event. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in London should inform employees about possible measles exposures and provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. The Middlesex-London Health Unit confirmed measles exposures in two hospitals: Children's Hospital Pediatric Emergency Department and Strathroy Middlesex General Hospital Emergency Department. See source for exposure details. [Confidence: Very High]
Excluding students without an up-to-date immunization record during outbreaks illustrates the potential downstream impacts caused by this disease. Businesses in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. Hamilton in Ontario, Canada notified parents that students' measles vaccination record must be up-to-date or the student will be suspended up to 20 sc...read morehool days or until vaccination proof or documented exemption is provided. Ontario Canada identified a risk in measles cases starting Jan 10 (See PHC alerts 1/31 and 1/30 for earlier info). [Confidence: Very High]
Informational update only. WHO deployed vaccine and supplies to Uganda to aid in response to the area's Ebola outbreak (see PHC alert 1/30). See other alert today for info about updated cases and close contacts. [Confidence: Very High]
Seasonal influenza is expected to have an impact on employee absenteeism for illness or caregiving duties. Businesses should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Seasonal influenza surged across most of the US in the last week, with all disease indicators staying stable (mortality) or increasing compared to the...read more week prior. 38,255 hospitalizations and 16 pediatric flu-related deaths were reported last week. Flu activity is expected to stay high for the next few weeks. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses with frequent travel to Saudi Arabia should ensure employees are aware of the new vaccine requirement. Businesses should provide flexible work schedules to allow for employee vaccination if the employee was not already vaccinated. Many travelers to Saudi Arabia will be required as of Feb 10 to have received the meningococcal vaccine at least 10 days (but no more than 3-5 years, ...read moredepending on vaccine) before their trip, meaning those traveling on the 10th need to receive their vaccine immediately. The requirement impacts individuals performing Umrah, visiting either or both Holy Mosques, or visiting Umrah areas (Makkah, Madinah, Jeddah, and Taif). See source link for additional details. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in the Chatham-Kent, Ontario area should inform employees about the possible measles exposure and provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. Chatham-Kent Public Health reported 2 public measles exposures relating to confirmed measles cases detected earlier. The two periods of exposure at th...read moree Chatham-Kent Health Alliance (80 Grand Ave. West Chatham, ON) Emergency Department were: 9pm on Jan 26 to 2:30 am on Jan 27, and 10pm on Jan 29 to 5:30am on Jan 30. For additional information, visit the source link. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in Texas should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. Texas state health officials issued an alert regarding increased measles activity in the state, including 2 new cases identified in Gaines County with...read morein the South Plains and Lubbock areas (see PHC alert 1/30 regarding the case in Lubbock). Texas has now reported 4 measles cases in 2025 (see PHC Alerts from 1/30 and 1/17 for additional measles cases identified in Texas). [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in Brant, Haldimand, and Norfolk counties should inform employees about the possible measles exposure and provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. Grand Erie Public Health reported 2 new measles cases in Haldimand-Norfolk. The cases visited Walsingham Christian School Jan 21–23. There are now 1...read more2 cases associated with the ongoing outbreak. See PHC alert 1/27 for earlier info, and other PHC alerts on 1/30 for nearby outbreaks. [Confidence: Very High]
Informational update only. This emergency rule will increase poultry testing, which will clarify the extent of H5N1 infection in Missouri. Businesses should follow the recommendations provided in the PHC analysis on January 10, including lowering barriers to seasonal flu vaccines for their employees. Missouri's Department of Agriculture enacted an emergency rule to facilitate testing for avian influenza. The new rule allows in-state labs to test fo...read morer multiple avian illnesses. It also waves testing-related fees. The rule becomes active Feb 10. [Confidence: Very High]
As PHC warned (see alert 1/21), a Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreak often leads to evolving public health measures such as travel delays and other restrictions. See PHC Marburg analysis 9/30. Businesses with staff in Tanzania should ensure their emergency plans are up to date for high consequence outbreaks. Tanzania's Marburg outbreak grew to 42 suspected and 2 confirmed cases, and 1 confirmed and 8 probable deaths. See PHC alerts 1/27 and 1/21 for earlier info. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses should expect evolving public health measures such as travel delays and other restrictions. This outbreak is occurring in Uganda's capital, Kamapal. This is a major transmit area for regional travel within East Africa, which increases the risk of imported cases. Businesses with staff in Uganda should ensure their emergency plans are up to date for high consequence outbreaks. PHC will monitor the event and provide updates as needed. Uganda's Ministry of Health confirmed an Ebola outbreak in Kampala involving a nurse who died. The case visited multiple healthcare facilities before ...read morebeing diagnosed, including Mulago National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Saidina Abubakar Islamic Hospital in Matugga in Wakiso District, and Mbale Regional Referral Hospital in Mbale City. 44 close contacts, including family members and healthcare staff, are being monitored. [Confidence: Very High]
California's proactive testing is expected to detect additional H5N1 cases in dairy herds. No human-to-human spread of H5N1 has been identified. Businesses should follow the recommendations provided in the PHC analysis on January 10, including lowering barriers to seasonal flu vaccines for their employees. The CDC is offering free seasonal influenza vaccines to farmworkers in high-risk states. California detected H5N1 avian influenza in additional dairy herds, now totaling 727 affected herds in the state. See PHC alerts from 1/10, 1/2, 12/16, 12/12, and 12/6 for info about earlier totals. [Confidence: Very High]
If Ebola is confirmed, businesses should expect evolving public health measures such as travel delays and other restrictions. This outbreak is occurring in a rural area in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) about 150 miles from Equateur province's capital, Mbandaka, but security concerns and lack of infrastructure in the affected area could contribute to disease spread. Businesses with staff in the DRC should ensure their emergency plans are up to date for high consequence outbreaks. PHC will monitor the event and provide updates as needed. Media sources, citing the president of the Red Cross/Ecuador committee, reported a suspected Ebola outbreak in the Bolamba health zone within the DRC...read more. 12 suspected cases and 8 deaths were identified. Confirmation tests are pending, but the violent conflict around DRC's capital of Goma could present additional challenges. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in Quebec should inform employees about the possible measles exposure and provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. Quebec reported 5 new measles cases linked to the outbreak that started in Dec (see PHC alerts on 1/13, 1/6 and 12/31). The new cases visited multiple...read more healthcare facilities, including the Hopital du Sacré-Cœur-de-Montréal and Carrefour medical clinic (go to the linked public health message and scroll down for details about exposure locations and dates). [Confidence: Very High]
The primary business impact of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in commercial flocks is through increased cost of eggs or poultry products when outbreaks become more widespread. With an avian flu outbreak in the 2nd largest egg producer in the US, egg prices are likely to continue to increase. Businesses that are sensitive to egg and poultry prices should contingency plan for price volatility. The US's 2nd largest egg producer, Rose Acre Farms, reported an outbreak of H5N1 avian influenza at its Cort Acre Egg Farm in Seymour, Indiana. [Confidence: Very High]
The growing measles outbreaks in Vietnam warrant greater attention from enterprise businesses, especially given vaccine shortages identified in some provinces. Businesses in Vietnam should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. People traveling to Vietnam should check their measles vaccination status. Ho Chi Minh's very high measles cases continue, with 409 cases identified in the last week, totaling 1,343 cases in 2025 and 5,393 cases and 4 deaths ...read moresince the outbreak started last year. The highest cases this past week were in Binh Chanh district, Binh Tan district, and Thu Duc city. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in Georgia should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. Georgia confirmed a measles case in an unvaccinated metro Atlanta resident in an individual with recent domestic travel, the state's first case of 202...read more5. Exposure information is not yet available, but public health officials are investigating potential exposures between Jan 19-24. PHC will update as soon as information is available. [Confidence: Very High]
The primary business impact of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in commercial flocks is through increased cost of eggs or poultry products when outbreaks become more widespread. Businesses that are sensitive to egg and poultry prices should contingency plan for price volatility. The Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture reported its first positive case of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza in domestic poultry in 2025. The c...read moreommercial laying farm in Lehigh County has 50,000 chickens. No human cases were detected. [Confidence: Very High]
Spread of H5N1 avian flu from birds to humans is known to occur and does not change PHC's recommendations for businesses. No human-to-human spread of avian flu has been detected. Businesses should follow the recommendations provided in the PHC analysis on January 10, including lowering barriers to seasonal flu vaccines for their employees. The UK detected a human case of H5N1 in an individual with exposure to infected birds on a farm in West Midlands. The H5N1 virus was DI.2 genotype, a ...read morestrain circulating in birds in the UK this season. This strain is different from the one infecting US dairy cattle and the one that caused severe illness in a Canadian child and death in an American adult. [Confidence: Very High]
Informational update only. Detection of H5N9 avian flu in ducks could indicate viral reassortment, but does not change PHC's recommendations for businesses. No human-to-human spread of avian flu has been detected. Businesses should follow the recommendations provided in the PHC analysis on January 10, including lowering barriers to seasonal flu vaccines for their employees. The US reported its 1st outbreak of H5N9 on a duck farm in Merced County, California. Ducks at the affected farm tested positive for both H5N1 and H5N...read more9, which may indicate that virus reassortment occurred in a duck infected with H5N1 and another avian flu virus containing N9. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in Brant, Haldimand, and Norfolk counties should inform employees about the possible measles exposure and provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. Grand Erie Public Health reported a measles case in Haldimand-Norfolk. The child visited Bethel Baptist school in Simcoe, from 8am to 5pm on Jan 20-21...read more and Grey Gretzky Medical Center in Brantford from 10:45 am to 2:45 pm on Jan 22. This is the 10th case associated with the ongoing outbreak. [Confidence: Very High]
Moderate impacts to businesses and individuals in the poultry industry in England are expected in order to comply with requirements. Potential downstream impacts of avian influenza include increased cost of poultry and eggs. The risk to humans is low. An Avian Influenza Prevention Zone was ordered to extend to all of England. This applies to all bird keepers, whether commercial or backyard flocks. It requires enhanced biosecurity measures to prevent further spread. [Confidence: Very High]
South Dakota's first whooping cough death is a reminder the infection can be deadly. Whooping cough is also highly contagious; a single case in the workplace can infect 15 others. The average worker absenteeism for whooping cough is 6 days. Businesses in South Dakota should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. South Dakota reported a whooping cough death, the state's 1st since 2023. The case was co-infected with whooping cough and influenza. South Dakota rep...read moreorted whooping cough cases in multiple communities and state-wide flu activity. See PHC alert 1/2 for earlier info about whooping cough in South Dakota. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in the greater Toronto area should inform employees about the possible measles exposure and provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. Toronto Public Health reported a measles case in an individual with recent international travel. The case was on Turkish Airlines Flight TK17 from Ist...read moreanbul to Toronto and traveled through the Toronto Pearson International Airport on Jan 22. [Confidence: Very High]
No human-to-human spread of H5N1 has been identified. Businesses should follow the recommendations provided in the PHC analysis on January 10, including lowering barriers to seasonal flu vaccines for their employees. The CDC is offering free seasonal influenza vaccines to farmworkers in high-risk states. The Nevada Department of Agriculture reported detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza in a dairy cattle herd in Churchill County. Mandatory testing was instituted and the location quarantined. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in the greater Sydney area should inform employees about the possible measles exposure and provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. New South Wales reported a measles case who was on Jetstar flight JQ4 from Honolulu to Sydney on Jan 17 and Qantas flight QF596 from Sydney to Gold Co...read moreast on Jan 17. The case was in the Sydney International and Domestics Airports on Jan 17, and a bus from the Sydney International to Sydney Domestic Airport on Jan 17. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses should expect evolving public health measures such as travel delays and other restrictions. See PHC Marburg analysis 9/30. Businesses with staff in Tanzania should ensure their emergency plans are up to date for high consequence outbreaks. PHC will monitor the event and provide updates as needed. Africa CDC confirmed an additional Marburg virus case in the Kagera region. Of the 10 cases associated with this outbreak, 2 have been confirmed and 8 are described as probable. 9 of the 10 have died. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in Bristol should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. Bristol in South West England reported 21 measles cases since December 16. Southwest England now accounts for about half of England's measles cases (2...read more6 of 57 cases across England), with 115 confirmed cases in the region over the past year. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in the greater Tokyo area and on Shikoku should inform employees about the possible measles exposure and provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. The Tokyo Bureau of Public Health reported a case of measles in an unvaccinated adult with no history of international travel. The public may have bee...read moren exposed at Haneda airport (1/13 and 1/15), Kochi airport (1/13), Takamatsu airport (1/15), and on related transportation. People who may have been exposed and develop symptoms should notify their medical facility before visiting and should refrain from using public transportation. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses with employees in or near San Diego County should urge employees to heed evacuation orders and provide flexible work arrangements to allow employees to shelter in place. N95 masks protect against high concentrations of particulate matter from wildfire smoke. Telework can reduce traffic congestion during evacuation orders. Impacted employees should defer to local officials for warnings specific to their neighborhoods, especially as the situation evolves. People with homes should clear debris around the house, attach hoses to external water sources, and close windows. A fire broke out in San Bernardo the morning of 1/22, leading to evacuation orders. Some evacuation orders were lifted as firefighters gained control, though others have remained. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses with employees in or near LA County should prepare for multiple days of disruption. Urge employees to heed evacuation orders and provide flexible work arrangements to allow employees to shelter in place. N95 masks protect against high concentrations of particulate matter from wildfire smoke. Telework can reduce traffic congestion during evacuation orders. Impacted employees should defer to local officials for warnings specific to their neighborhoods. People with homes should clear debris around the house, attach hoses to external water sources, and close windows. A new Los Angeles area fire, the Hughes fire, started in the late morning on 1/22. Mandatory evacuation orders have been issued. Red flag warnings were extended to Friday, Jan 24. [Confidence: Very High]
The continuing measles outbreaks across Vietnam warrant greater attention from enterprise businesses. While Ho Chi Minh City has the largest outbreak, Hai Duong’s cases have been rising rapidly for the past few weeks. Businesses in Vietnam should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. People traveling to Vietnam should check their measles vaccination status. Hai Duong, Vietnam reported a measles outbreak in Hai Duong City, with 3 cases identified among siblings of the same family. 14 measles were identifie...read mored across the entire Hai Duong province so far this year; zero cases were reported in the province during the same time period in 2024. [Confidence: Very High]
The primary business impact of highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in commercial flocks is through increased cost of eggs or poultry products when major producers are impacted. Businesses that are sensitive to egg and poultry prices in England should contingency plan for price volatility. The UK reported an avian influenza outbreak in a large commercial layer flock on Griffiths Family Farms, part of Oaklands Farm Eggs, near Wem, North S...read morehropshire. This is one of the largest egg producers in the UK, with over a million birds culled. Eggs will be diverted from another facility outside the quarantine zone, but egg supply shortages are expected. [Confidence: Very High]
Avian influenza is a seasonal threat to poultry farms in Japan, but the number of outbreaks has been accelerating. The primary business impact of highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in commercial flocks is through increased cost of eggs or poultry products when major producers are impacted. Businesses that are sensitive to egg and poultry prices in Japan should contingency plan for price volatility. Japan has culled a record ~5 million birds due to avian influenza outbreaks in January, with new detections continuing. The Minister of Agriculture, F...read moreorestry and Fisheries anticipates some price increases, but the government hopes that containment will limit the increases. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in the greater Seattle-Tacoma area should inform employees about the possible measles exposure and provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. Snohomish County health officials identified 2 individuals exposed to measles at the Seattle-Tacoma International Airport by a measles case who travel...read moreed through the airport on Jan 10 (see PHC alert 1/17 for info about the infected traveler). Individuals who were at the Seattle-Tacoma International airport on 1/10 between 2:30 pm - 8:00 pm who develop symptoms or are unvaccinated should contact their healthcare provider. [Confidence: Very High]
Norovirus is highly contagious. Businesses should provide flexible work schedules to allow sick employees (or those with caregiving duties) to stay home. Encourage robust hand hygiene, as the virus is not killed by hand sanitizer. Health officials confirmed 3 cases of norovirus in the Pasadena Evacuation Shelter, with 25 additional symptomatic individuals. Norovirus is highly co...read morentagious, especially in close quarters. California overall is experiencing high levels of norovirus. [Confidence: Very High]
New detections of H5N1 in US poultry flocks are not unexpected. No human-to-human spread of H5N1 has been identified. Businesses should follow the recommendations provided in the PHC analysis on January 10, including lowering barriers to seasonal flu vaccines for their employees. The CDC is offering free seasonal influenza vaccines to farmworkers in high-risk states. Newton County, Missouri reported its 1st-ever avian influenza outbreak in a commercial flock. The affected layer flock was in Hathaway farm operating ...read moreas Opal Foods, located near Neosho, MO. 1.6 million birds have been culled. No human cases were identified in this event. [Confidence: Very High]
The growing measles outbreak in Hanoi warrants greater attention from enterprise businesses. While Ho Chi Minh City has the largest outbreak, Hanoi’s cases have been rising rapidly for the past few weeks. Businesses in Vietnam should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. People traveling to Hanoi should check their measles vaccination status. Hanoi's high measles activity continued, with 102 new cases identified the week of 1/10-1/17, totaling 566 cases since the outbreak started in 2024. H...read moreanoi has identified measles cases in all 30 districts and towns. See PHC alerts 1/13 and 1/6 for earlier info. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in Canada who used catering or event services that distributed the affected egg brands may wish to notify employees of this exposure. Businesses and individuals should dispose of any affected products. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency has recalled some shelled eggs due to potential Salmonella contamination. The egg brands affected include Complime...read morents, Foremost, and Golden Valley (see public health message for specific affected lots). Affected eggs were distributed to British Columbia, Manitoba, and Ontario, with possible distribution to other provinces and territories. No human cases were identified with this event. [Confidence: Very High]
For information only. The establishment of broader milk testing and information collection will clarify the extent of H5N1 infection in dairy cattle nationally. Businesses should follow the recommendations provided in the PHC analysis on January 10, including lowering barriers to seasonal flu vaccines for their employees. The USDA expanded its bulk milk testing program by adding 6 states: Arkansas, Louisiana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Carolina, and West Virginia. 3...read more6 states are now in the National Milk Testing Strategy (NMTS) that began Dec 6 (see PHC alerts 12/19 and 12/6 for earlier info). [Confidence: Very High]
Now that Marburg virus disease (MVD) was confirmed in at least once case, businesses should expect evolving public health measures such as travel delays and other restrictions. See PHC Marburg analysis 9/30. Businesses with staff in Tanzania should ensure their emergency plans are up to date for high consequence outbreaks. PHC will monitor the event and provide updates as needed. Tanzania's Ministry of Health confirmed an MVD case following recent denial of an MVD outbreak (see PHC alerts 1/16 and 1/15). Tests were conducted on...read more another 25 suspected MVD cases, all of whom tested negative. The confirmed case resides in a remote area in northern Tanzania. 300 close contacts are being monitored. This is Kagera, Tanzania's 2nd MVD outbreak since 2023. The Kagera region is a transit hub, with significant cross-border movement of the population to Rwanda, Uganda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in Rhode Island should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. Rhode Island reported its 1st measles case since 2013 in a child who recently traveled internationally. Contact tracing is underway, but the case had no close contacts at any school or daycare. [Confidence: Very High]
Seasonal flu and other respiratory illnesses are highly contagious and can be spread in the workplace and schools, leading to worker absenteeism for illness or caregiving duties. Businesses in Taiwan should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Taiwan reported about 139,000 emergency department and outpatient clinic visits for influenza-like illnesses (ILI) during the week of 1/5 - 1/11, the highest number for the same period in the past 10 flu seasons. [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles outbreaks can lead to absenteeism due to employee illness, caregiving to sick family members, or temporary school closures. The Netherlands' 2024 measles cases (190) were the highest annual total since 2013 (2,688). Cases were highest March - June, but were elevated all year. Nov and Dec's 21 cases alone were higher than 2023's annual total (7). [Confidence: Very High]
Businesses in Alaska should inform employees about the possible measles exposure and provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. Measles is highly contagious and can quickly spread among unvaccinated individuals in a work environment. Alaska reported a measles case in a Southern Kenai Peninsula resident who recently traveled internationally. The case was on Alaska Air flight 228 fro...read morem Seattle to Anchorage and traveled through the Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport on 1/10. [Confidence: Very High]
Informational update only. The CDC issued a health alert asking clinicians to test hospitalized patients with suspected influenza A to help identify possible cases of severe avi...read morean influenza. Influenza testing is often not conducted consistently once the flu season is underway, which results in inaccurate surveillance data and can delay identification of atypical influenza. Subtype testing is needed to identify avian flu. [Confidence: Very High]
New Zealand's first whooping cough death serves as a reminder that whooping cough can be deadly. Whooping cough is also highly contagious; a single case in the workplace can infect 15 others. The average worker absenteeism for whooping cough is 6 days. Businesses in New Zealand should provide flexible work schedules to support employees making vaccine appointments for themselves or family members. New Zealand reported an infant died from whooping cough, the 1st death since the outbreak was declared on Nov 22. High cases continue, with 1,232 cases identified between Oct 19 - Jan 10 and 101 cases hospitalized. [Confidence: Very High]
Detection of H5N1 avian flu in an individual with unknown exposure does not change PHC's recommendations for businesses. No human-to-human spread of avian flu has been detected. Businesses should follow the recommendations provided in the PHC analysis on January 10, including lowering barriers to seasonal flu vaccines for their employees. CDC testing confirmed the presumptive H5N1 avian influenza case reported by PHC on 1/13. The transmission route remains unknown. The repeated emergenc...read moree of new cases with an undefined exposure source underscores the need for businesses to maintain their preparedness plans. [Confidence: Very High]
